Pieter van Musschenbroek invents the Leyden Jar in Leiden, Netherlands, allowing electricity to be stored. 1745
1752 Benjamin Franklin conducted the famous kite experiment, which demonstrated that lightning is electricity. This experiment significantly increased public interest in electrical experimentation. 1800 Alessandro Volta invents the Voltaic Pile , providing a reliable and continuous source of electricity.
Late 1700s
Gian Domenico Romagnosi publishes research on electricity affecting compass needles, but his findings are not widely recognized. 1802 Luigi Galvani conducts experiments with frog legs, demonstrating “animal electricity,” sparking scientific curiosity about electricity and galvanism. Electrical machines capable of generating static electricity become popular, although dangerous and inconsistent. Johann Schweigger in Bavaria reads Ørsted’s paper and invents the Multiplier Galvanometer, significantly enhancing the measurement of electrical currents. He presents his findings in September 1820 at the University of Halle. Summer 1820 Georg Simon Ohm , working in Cologne, utilizes Schweigger's galvanometer for detailed studies on electricity, leading him to formulate Ohm’s Law in 1827. 1820-1825
1820
Hans Christian Ørsted observes that an electric current causes a compass needle to deflect, establishing the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Ørsted publishes his work as "Experiments on the Effect of a Current of Electricity on the Magnetic Needle."
September 1820
François Arago demonstrates Ørsted’s discovery in Paris. André-Marie Ampère sees Arago’s demonstration and begins experimenting intensively, rapidly producing his first results explaining electromagnetism mathematically. 1827 Georg Simon Ohm publishes "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet, " mathematically describing voltage, current, and resistance. 1873 James Clerk Maxwell expands upon Ampère’s and Faraday’s works in "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism."
Michael Faraday , working with Humphry Davy in Britain, discovers electromagnetic induction, leading directly to the invention of the electric generator. 1831
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