Editor’s note
Welcome to the DigiKey eMagazine Volume 20 – Tools, Test and Measurement This Volume will cover the essential tools, techniques, and technologies shaping today’s electronics and maker landscapes. Whether you’re a seasoned engineer, a passionate hobbyist, or somewhere in between, this edition has something for you. We begin with a foundational look at spectrum analyzers, exploring what they are and the different types available, followed by a breakdown of high-voltage differential oscilloscope probes – both of which are critical tools for safe and accurate measurements. If you’re assembling or troubleshooting circuits, don’t miss our guide to crimping tool options that fit virtually any need. For the makers and tinkerers, we’re excited to present an introduction to G-code and ten essential commands every 3D printing enthusiast should know. You’ll also find practical advice on choosing the right soldering iron when populating your PCBs, plus a hands-on feature on building ‘A DIY Power Supply Unit for All Seasons’. We will also explore PCB manufacturing techniques, with a spotlight on milling, and share some workspace wisdom with the benefits of using a rack to keep your bench organized and efficient. Lastly, we compare 8-bit vs. 12- bit oscilloscopes, showing how modern 12-bit scopes offer greater resolution and versatility for today’s test and measurement demands. As always, our goal is to empower you with practical knowledge, clear explanations, and tools you can use. Thanks for joining us – let’s keep building, exploring, and pushing boundaries together.
4 Tips for improved mechanical test and validation Sponsored by NI 8 Testing with a professional multi- function OTDR-1500 Sponsored by Jonard Tools 12 Spectrum analyzers: what are they and what are the different types 16 High-voltage differential oscilloscope probes: why you need them 20 Crimping tool options span virtually any need 24 Introduction to GCode and ten essential commands for 3D printing 28 Special feature: retroelectro Steel and steam: the most important tool of the 19th Century 40 Populating PCBs: how to choose a soldering iron 44 A DIY power supply unit for all seasons 48 Deep dive into PCB manufacturing techniques: milling 50 The benefits of using a rack to keep your workbench tidy 54 Fundamentals of 8 versus 12-bit oscilloscopes and how to use modern 12-bit scopes
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