Ultrasonic sensors like the TSPC-30S1-232 from Senix can complement LiDAR and other sensors for AMR SLAM and safety. It has an optimum range of 3 meters, compared to 5 meters for the 2D LiDAR and 12 meters for the 3D LiDAR detailed above. This temperature-compensated ultrasonic sensor is IP68-rated in an environmentally sealed stainless- steel enclosure (Figure 3). Sensor fusion usually refers to using several discrete sensors. But in some cases, multiple sensors are co-packaged as a single unit. Three sensors in one Visual perception using a pair of cameras to produce stereoscopic images plus image processing based on AI and ML can enable the AMR to see the background as well as identify nearby objects. Sensors are available that include stereo depth cameras, a separate color camera, and an IMU in one unit. Stereo depth cameras like the Intel RealSense D455 RealSense Depth Cameras use two cameras separated by a known baseline to sense depth and calculate the distance to an object. One key to precision is using a sturdy steel framework that ensures an exact separation distance between the cameras, even in demanding industrial environments. The
Figure 3: Environmentally sealed ultrasonic sensor with an optimum range of 3 meters. (Image source: DigiKey)
Figure 4: This module includes stereo depth cameras separated by 95 mm, a separate color camera, and an IMU. (Image source: DigiKey)
accuracy of the depth perception algorithm is dependent on knowing the exact spacing between the two cameras. For example, the model 82635DSD455MP depth camera has been optimized for AMRs
and similar platforms and has extended the distance between the cameras to 95 mm (Figure 4). That enables the depth calculation algorithm to reduce the estimation error to less than 2% at 4 meters.
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