DigiKey-eMag-EdgeAI-Vol 18

retroelectro

Richard Feynman, Neil deGrasse Tyson, and many Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize winners. After two years in the Navy, Minsky enrolled at Harvard University, where he graduated with a degree in mathematics. He then attended Princeton University as a graduate student, earning his PhD. While attending Princeton, he worked at nearby Bell Laboratories. During this time, Minsky also began to simulate human intelligence with a project named SNARC. The ‘Stochastic Neural Analog Reinforcement Calculator’ (SNARC) was a project at Bell Labs with Marvin Minsky while he was a graduate student at Princeton. It is credited as being the very first ‘neural network’ computer ever developed. Shannon would later use the SNARC in his previously mentioned ‘Theseus’ project. After graduation, Dr. Minsky worked briefly as a Junior Fellow at Harvard before joining the faculty at MIT in 1958, where he continued until his death in 2016. In 1963, Minsky and McCarthy founded MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Lab. J.C.R Licklider and ARPA funded the lab under the name ‘Project MAC’. Many things came out of what is now known as the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), including the first Time- Share computing system, which was improved upon by ‘Project GENIE’ at Berkeley. CSAIL

is credited with many of the technological innovations of the late twentieth century.

previously impractical. This machine also formally marks the beginning of IBM’s move away from conventional punchcard time clocks and mechanical typewriters to focus on electric computers. Early in 1955, IBM tasked Rochester with leading a new research group at IBM focused on the new fields of information theory and automatic pattern recognition. He programmed the first neural network simulations on the IBM 704 in this effort. In the 1960s, Rochester became more involved in the broader computing community. He contributed to the design and standardization of programming languages, and his work influenced the development of FORTRAN at IBM, one of the earliest and most widely used programming languages of its day.

The group that attended the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.

systems capable of learning, reasoning, and adapting. Today, we see the fruits of this endeavor in the advanced AI technologies that permeate our lives, a testament to the visionary foresight of the early pioneers at Dartmouth.

Theorist: Historical Background and Impact On Cognitive Modeling’ 6. ‘Society of the Mind’ by Marvin Minsky 7. ‘The Meeting of the Minds That Launched AI’ by Grace Solomonoff 8. The Turbulent Past and Uncertain Future of Artificial Intelligence by Eliza Strickland 9. ‘Oral History of Nathaniel Rochester’ Interview by A. Goldstein (June 1991) 10. ‘Programs With Common Sense’ by J. McCarthy 11. ‘A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits’ by C.E. Shannon 12. ‘Claude E. Shannon: A Retrospective on His Life, Work,

and Impact’ by R.G. Gallager 13. (Video) ‘Claude Shannon – Father of the Information Age’ from the University of California 14. ‘Claude E. Shannon: A Goliath Amongst Giants’ Presented by Nokia Bell Labs 15. ‘Mouse With a Memory’ by Bell Labs 16.‘SNARC’ from HistoryOf.AI 17. (Video) Claude Shannon demonstrates “Theseus” Machine Learning @ Bell Labs 18. (Video) Marvin Minsky Interview (Recorded in 2002) 19.(Video) Marvin Minsky Interview (Recorded in 1990 for WGBH) 20.(Video) Marvin Minsky Interview Series (Life Stories of Remarkable People)

Nathaniel Rochester, IBM Nathaniel Rochester (1919-2001) was a pivotal figure in the early development of computing. He attended MIT and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering in 1941. His career began working at MIT’s Research Labs to develop radar systems for the U.S. Navy and later at Sylvania, a bulb and vacuum tube manufacturer, where he continued to advance radar technology critical to the war effort. Following the war, in 1948, Rochester joined IBM, where he was one of the two key designers of the IBM 701, the company’s first mass-produced scientific computer. Released in 1951, the IBM 701 marked a significant leap in computing power, enabling complex calculations that were

Pioneering Artificial Intelligence