Editor’s note
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have become indispensable in the world of industrial automation and control systems. Their robustness and versatility allow for complex operations to be managed with precision and reliability, catering extensively to the needs of engineers who require efficient and flexible control solutions. PLCs are essentially industrial digital computers that have been ruggedized to operate within harsh manufacturing environments. They are used to automate various processes by receiving inputs from devices such as sensors and switches, processing the data, and then outputting commands to machinery and other systems. This allows for precise control over manufacturing processes, leading to improved productivity and safety. One of the key strengths of PLCs is their programmability. Originally designed to replace hard-wired relay systems, PLCs can be reprogrammed without changing any physical wiring. Engineers use various programming languages, such as Ladder Logic, Functional Block Diagrams, and Structured Text, which are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-3. This versatility enables PLCs to be adapted quickly to different operations and makes them a valuable asset in industries that require frequent changes in manufacturing processes. As technology evolves, the integration of PLCs with the Internet, Cloud computing, and other modern industrial technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) enhances their capabilities. This integration allows for real-time data acquisition, analysis, and remote process management, further extending the functionality and application scope of PLCs in modern industrial environments. For engineers, understanding the capabilities and programming of PLCs is fundamental. Their ability to streamline complex processes and adapt to various industrial needs makes them a pivotal part of modern automation and control systems.
4 Address industrial automation
challenges with a new generation of PLC hardware
10 Programming PLCs: A technical summary with Siemens examples 14 Making use of IO-Link in industrial applications 20 What is the Modbus protocol? 24 EtherNet/IP versus PROFINET 30 Five-Five-Five: The story of Interdesign Inc. 36 How to connect legacy factory automation systems to Industry 4.0 without disruption 42 Supporting mass customization, high quality, and sustainable operations in Industry 4.0 factories 48 Vertical Farming: leveraging KUNBUS’ Revolution Pi for enhanced efficiency and productivity
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